Europe’s Aluminium Supply Chain Is Quietly Fracturing as Primary Output Collapses and Scrap Exports Surge

Europe achieves the world's highest aluminium scrap recycling rate yet still runs a 2-million-tonne structural supply deficit as EU primary output has collapsed 60% since 2005 and scrap exports surge 75% year-on-year, creating a supply crisis that electrification demand will dramatically worsen by 2040.